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perf(images): WebP banners, text-only related cards, resized list thumbnails
Measured before/after with headless Chrome + CDP (not by eye):

- article banner: <picture> WebP q78 with the PNG as fallback, because the PNG
  must stay for og:image (social scrapers do not reliably render WebP cards).
  70 banners: 6.02 MB -> 2.52 MB (42%). JPEG measured *larger* than PNG here
  (q85 = 129%) — the art is flat terminal-style with sharp text edges.
- post page related cards: dropped four 1200x630 PNGs (183 KB) to display
  526x276 where the embedded code is illegible; now text-only cards with a
  category badge, date and reading time.
- list thumbnails (home + archive): new /og/thumb/<name>-{400,800}.webp served
  via srcset/sizes. Rows display at ~398px but were pulling full 1200x630 PNGs.
  Homepage thumbnails ~450 KB -> 62 KB; archive (71 rows) ~3.2 MB -> 436 KB.
- desktop banner capped at 720px centred: 67% -> 45% of a 900px viewport,
  keeping the art intact instead of cropping it.

Post page totals: images 277 KB -> 38 KB; page height 5758 -> 5065 (desktop)
and 9423 -> 8807 (mobile). Build: 163 pages.

Script: scripts/optimize-images.py; policy: docs/design-guide.md §3; runbook
step added to docs/ops-runbook.md.
2026-10-16 17:11:27 +08:00

5.1 KiB
Raw Blame History

Design Guide — what the blog UI must have & must avoid

Read this before touching theme, layout, typography, color, or SEO markup. Priority order is fixed: reading experience → SEO → brand → everything else.


1. Non-negotiables (reading experience first)

Rule Spec
Measure (line length) 65–75 characters per line. Single biggest readability win.
Body typography 16–17px, line-height: 1.6–1.7, a clean sans (Inter / system-ui / Source Sans).
Headings A character font (Plus Jakarta Sans / Space Grotesk) or keep Inter for minimalism.
Code Proper monospace (JetBrains Mono / Fira Code) + distinct background block + syntax highlighting + copy button + language label. Non-negotiable for technical posts.
Light + dark mode Both. Dev audience splits ~50/50.
Color 2-accent palette (primary + semantic green/red for correct/wrong in tutorials). Avoid pure black / pure white.

2. Required components

  • Sticky header — name/logo + nav (Blog / Categories / About / RSS).
  • Article header — title, pub date, reading time, category + tags, author card (photo, 1–2 line bio, LinkedIn + GitHub + git.hoelee.com links).
  • Author box / ProfilePage schema on every post (see SEO below).
  • Related posts (3 cards) — internal linking + keeps readers on-site.
  • RSS link in footer — how the technical audience follows me.
  • Custom og:image per post — 1200×630, never the reused logo.

3. Responsive & media

  • Mobile-first: design 390px, then desktop 1280px.

  • Astro Image for automatic optimization/WebP (Core Web Vitals win).

  • Image format policy (measured 2026-10-16 — do not guess this one):

    Asset Served as Why
    og:image / twitter:image PNG (1200×630) Social scrapers (WhatsApp / LinkedIn / FB / Telegram) do not reliably render WebP share cards. Compatibility beats bytes here.
    Article banner in-page WebP q78 + PNG fallback via <picture> 6.02 MB → 2.52 MB across 70 banners (42%); JPEG would be larger (q85 = 129% of PNG) because the art is flat terminal-style with sharp text edges.
    List/related thumbnails WebP q72 at 400w + 800w (/og/thumb/<name>-400.webp) Rows display at ~398px; they used to fetch the 1200×630 PNG (~45 KB). 400w is 5.8 KB, 800w is 16.1 KB. The homepage went from ~450 KB of thumbnails to ~62 KB.
    Real photos (author, hardware) WebP q82 + JPEG fallback Continuous-tone images are the opposite case from the flat art above.

    Regenerate all derivatives after adding a post: uv run --with pillow python scripts/optimize-images.py.

  • Declare og:image:width/height explicitly — mis-declared dimensions get preview cards rejected by WhatsApp/Telegram/LinkedIn.

  • Favicon: reference all sizes (.ico + 32×32 + 192×192 PNG + apple-touch 180×180). "Favicon not showing" is usually browser cache, not a missing asset — curl the live files before "fixing".


4. Theme / stack decisions (settled)

  • Astro 5 static (already scaffolded). Rationale: TypeScript/React skill surface, true static output, low attack surface, first-class i18n routing, and the repo itself is a portfolio artifact.
  • Theme base: AstroPaper-style minimalism (light/dark, fuzzy search, RSS + sitemap defaults). Don't rebuild from scratch.
  • Skip for v1: WordPress-headless (two systems), Next.js SSR/ISR (heavier than needed), self-built blog engine (the classic time sink).

5. SEO checklist (2026 — two lanes)

Optimize for both classic SEO and GEO (getting cited by Google AI Overviews / ChatGPT Search / Perplexity).

  • E-E-A-T first: real Person/ProfilePage schema around the author bio, with sameAs → LinkedIn, GitHub, git.hoelee.com.
  • Per-post meta: unique title (≤60 chars), description (≤155), canonical, og:image (1200×630) + twitter:card.
  • Sitemap.xml + RSS + robots.txt — generated automatically.
  • Core Web Vitals: static site → 90+ LCP/CLS/INP easy. Verify with headless-Chrome screenshot + Lighthouse on 390px and 1280px.
  • Internal linking: related-posts module + link pillar posts (case studies) from every tutorial.
  • Question-shaped headings: write H2/H3 as the actual question a learner types. Rewarded by Google and AI engines.
  • Name consistency: same name ("Lee Teong Hoe" / "Mr Hoelee") + photo + handles across blog, LinkedIn, GitHub, git.hoelee.com. Fragmented identity is the #1 personal-brand SEO killer.

6. What to AVOID in design

Anti-pattern Why
Heavy JS / client-side rendering Static output is the point — don't reintroduce runtime cost.
Reused logo as og:image Already an issue on hoelee.com. Custom per post.
Anonymous/absent author card Kills E-E-A-T.
Wall-of-text without code blocks Technical posts need formatted, copyable code.
No RSS / sitemap Both are free in Astro; omitting them is pure loss.
Orphaned pages / thin content hoelee.com already has ~400; keep this sitemap clean.
Over-styled "agency look" This is a personal engineering blog — credibility over flash.