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TUN-528: Move cloudflared into a separate repo
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h2mux/sample/ghost-url.min.js
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h2mux/sample/index.html
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||||
<article class="post tag-google-cloud tag-cloud-computing tag-internet-summit">
|
||||
<header class="post-header">
|
||||
<h2 class="title"><a href="/living-in-a-multi-cloud-world/">Living In A Multi-Cloud World</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="meta">
|
||||
Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 21st, 2017 4:30PM">November 21st, 2017 4:30PM</time>
|
||||
by <a href="/author/sergi/">Sergi Isasi</a>.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</header>
|
||||
<div class="post-excerpt">
|
||||
<p>A few months ago at Cloudflare’s Internet Summit, we hosted a discussion on A Cloud Without Handcuffs with Joe Beda, one of the creators of Kubernetes, and Brandon Phillips, the co-founder of CoreOS. The conversation touched on multiple areas, but it’s clear that more and more companies are recognizing the need to have some strategy around hosting their applications on multiple cloud providers. Earlier this year,…</p>
|
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<footer>
|
||||
<a href="/living-in-a-multi-cloud-world/" class="more">Read more » </a><br>
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||||
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|
||||
<a href="/living-in-a-multi-cloud-world/#disqus_thread">Comments</a> | tagged with <a href="/tag/google-cloud/">Google Cloud</a>, <a href="/tag/cloud-computing/">Cloud Computing</a>, <a href="/tag/internet-summit/">Internet Summit</a>
|
||||
</span>
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||||
</small>
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||||
</footer>
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||||
</article>
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
<article class="post tag-legal tag-jengo tag-patents">
|
||||
<header class="post-header">
|
||||
<h2 class="title"><a href="/supreme-court-wanders-into-patent-troll-fight/">The Supreme Court Wanders into the Patent Troll Fight</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="meta">
|
||||
Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 20th, 2017 6:18PM">November 20th, 2017 6:18PM</time>
|
||||
by <a href="/author/edo-royker/">Edo Royker</a>.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</header>
|
||||
<div class="post-excerpt">
|
||||
<p>Next Monday, the US Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in Oil States Energy Services, LLC vs. Greene’s Energy Group, LLC, which is a case to determine whether the Inter Partes Review (IPR) administrative process at the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) used to determine the validity of patents is constitutional. The constitutionality of the IPR process is one of the biggest legal issues facing innovative…</p>
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<footer>
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<a href="/supreme-court-wanders-into-patent-troll-fight/" class="more">Read more » </a><br>
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<small>
|
||||
<span class="post-meta">
|
||||
<a href="/supreme-court-wanders-into-patent-troll-fight/#disqus_thread">Comments</a> | tagged with <a href="/tag/legal/">Legal</a>, <a href="/tag/jengo/">Jengo</a>, <a href="/tag/patents/">Patents</a>
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
</small>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<article class="post tag-cloudflare-apps tag-developers tag-user-engagement">
|
||||
<header class="post-header">
|
||||
<h2 class="title"><a href="/7cloudflareappsengagement/">7 Cloudflare Apps Which Increase User Engagement on Your Site</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="meta">
|
||||
Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 14th, 2017 8:21PM">November 14th, 2017 8:21PM</time>
|
||||
by <a href="/author/andrew/">Andrew Fitch</a>.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</header>
|
||||
<div class="post-excerpt">
|
||||
<p>Cloudflare Apps now lists 95 apps from apps which grow email lists to apps which acquire new customers to apps which help site owners make more money. The great thing about these apps is that users don't have to have any coding or development skills. They can just sign up for the app and start using it on their sites. Let’s take a moment to highlight some…</p>
|
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<footer>
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<a href="/7cloudflareappsengagement/" class="more">Read more » </a><br>
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<span class="post-meta">
|
||||
<a href="/7cloudflareappsengagement/#disqus_thread">Comments</a> | tagged with <a href="/tag/cloudflare-apps/">Cloudflare Apps</a>, <a href="/tag/developers/">Developers</a>, <a href="/tag/user-engagement/">User Engagement</a>
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
</small>
|
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</footer>
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||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
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||||
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||||
<article class="post tag-acquisitions tag-cloudflare-team tag-mobile tag-neumob">
|
||||
<header class="post-header">
|
||||
<h2 class="title"><a href="/neumob-optimizing-mobile/">The Super Secret Cloudflare Master Plan, or why we acquired Neumob</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="meta">
|
||||
Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 14th, 2017 2:00PM">November 14th, 2017 2:00PM</time>
|
||||
by <a href="/author/john-graham-cumming/">John Graham-Cumming</a>.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</header>
|
||||
<div class="post-excerpt">
|
||||
<p>We announced today that Cloudflare has acquired Neumob. Neumob’s team built exceptional technology to speed up mobile apps, reduce errors on challenging mobile networks, and increase conversions. Cloudflare will integrate the Neumob technology with our global network to give Neumob truly global reach. It’s tempting to think of the Neumob acquisition as a point product added to the Cloudflare portfolio. But it actually represents a key…</p>
|
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</div>
|
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<footer>
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<a href="/neumob-optimizing-mobile/" class="more">Read more » </a><br>
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<small>
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<span class="post-meta">
|
||||
<a href="/neumob-optimizing-mobile/#disqus_thread">Comments</a> | tagged with <a href="/tag/acquisitions/">Acquisitions</a>, <a href="/tag/cloudflare-team/">Cloudflare Team</a>, <a href="/tag/mobile/">Mobile</a>, <a href="/tag/neumob/">Neumob</a>
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
</small>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
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||||
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||||
<article class="post tag-security tag-legal tag-privacy tag-attacks">
|
||||
<header class="post-header">
|
||||
<h2 class="title"><a href="/thwarting-the-tactics-of-the-equifax-attackers/">Thwarting the Tactics of the Equifax Attackers</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="meta">
|
||||
Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 13th, 2017 4:09PM">November 13th, 2017 4:09PM</time>
|
||||
by <a href="/author/alex-cruz-farmer/">Alex Cruz Farmer</a>.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</header>
|
||||
<div class="post-excerpt">
|
||||
<p>We are now 3 months on from one of the biggest, most significant data breaches in history, but has it redefined people's awareness on security? The answer to that is absolutely yes, awareness is at an all-time high. Awareness, however, does not always result in positive action. The fallacy which is often assumed is "surely, if I keep my software up to date with all the patches, that's…</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<footer>
|
||||
<a href="/thwarting-the-tactics-of-the-equifax-attackers/" class="more">Read more » </a><br>
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||||
<span class="post-meta">
|
||||
<a href="/thwarting-the-tactics-of-the-equifax-attackers/#disqus_thread">Comments</a> | tagged with <a href="/tag/security/">Security</a>, <a href="/tag/legal/">Legal</a>, <a href="/tag/privacy/">Privacy</a>, <a href="/tag/attacks/">Attacks</a>
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
</small>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<article class="post tag-go tag-performance tag-golang tag-developers">
|
||||
<header class="post-header">
|
||||
<h2 class="title"><a href="/go-dont-collect-my-garbage/">Go, don't collect my garbage</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="meta">
|
||||
Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 13th, 2017 10:31AM">November 13th, 2017 10:31AM</time>
|
||||
by <a href="/author/vlad-krasnov/">Vlad Krasnov</a>.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</header>
|
||||
<div class="post-excerpt">
|
||||
<p>Not long ago I needed to benchmark the performance of Golang on a many-core machine. I took several of the benchmarks that are bundled with the Go source code, copied them, and modified them to run on all available threads. In that case the machine has 24 cores and 48 threads. CC BY-SA 2.0 image by sponki25 I started with ECDSA P256 Sign, probably because I have…</p>
|
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<footer>
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Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 10th, 2017 3:00PM">November 10th, 2017 3:00PM</time>
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|
||||
<p>If you’re a web dev / devops / etc. meetup group that also works toward building a faster, safer Internet, I want to support your awesome group by buying you pizza. If your group’s focus falls within one of the subject categories below and you’re willing to give us a 30 second shout out and tweet a photo of your group and @Cloudflare, your meetup’s pizza…</p>
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Published on <time class="meta-date" datetime="November 10th, 2017 11:06AM">November 10th, 2017 11:06AM</time>
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<p>While I was writing the post comparing the new Qualcomm server chip, Centriq, to our current stock of Intel Skylake-based Xeons, I noticed a disturbing phenomena. When benchmarking OpenSSL 1.1.1dev, I discovered that the performance of the cipher ChaCha20-Poly1305 does not scale very well. On a single thread, it performed at the speed of approximately 2.89GB/s, whereas on 24 cores, and 48 threads it…</p>
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<h1 class="title">Living In A Multi-Cloud World</h1>
|
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<div class="meta">
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<time class="meta-date" datetime="2017-11-21">21 Nov 2017</time>
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by <a href="/author/sergi/">Sergi Isasi</a>.
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<p>A few months ago at Cloudflare’s <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/internet-summit/">Internet Summit</a>, we hosted a discussion on <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/a-cloud-without-handcuffs/">A Cloud Without Handcuffs</a> with Joe Beda, one of the creators of Kubernetes, and Brandon Phillips, the co-founder of CoreOS. The conversation touched on multiple areas, but it’s clear that more and more companies are recognizing the need to have some strategy around hosting their applications on multiple cloud providers.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Earlier this year, Mary Meeker published her annual <a href="http://www.kpcb.com/internet-trends">Internet Trends</a> report which revealed that 22% of respondents viewed Cloud Vendor Lock-In as a top 3 concern, up from just 7% in 2012. This is in contrast to previous top concerns, Data Security and Cost & Savings, both of which dropped amongst those surveyed.</p>
|
||||
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<p><img src="/content/images/2017/11/Mary-Meeker-Internet-Trends-2017.png" alt="Internet Trends" /></p>
|
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<p>At Cloudflare, our mission is to help build a better internet. To fulfill this mission, our customers need to have consistent access to the best technology and services, over time. This is especially the case with respect to storage and compute providers. This means not becoming locked-in to any single provider and taking advantage of multiple cloud computing vendors (such as Amazon Web Services or Google Cloud Platform) for the same end user services. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="thebenefitsofhavingmultiplecloudvendors">The Benefits of Having Multiple Cloud Vendors</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>There are a number of potential challenges when selecting a single cloud provider. Though there may be scenarios where it makes sense to consolidate on a single vendor, our belief is that it is important that customers are aware of their choice and downsides of being potentially locked-in to that particular vendor. In short, know what trade offs you are making should you decide to continue to consolidate parts of your network, compute, and storage with a single cloud provider. While not comprehensive, here are a few trade-offs you may be making if you are locked-in to one cloud.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="costefficiences">Cost Efficiences</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>For some companies, there may be a cost savings involved in spreading traffic across multiple vendors. Some can take advantage of free or reduced cost tiers at lower volumes. Vendors may provide reduced costs for certain times of day that are lower utilized on their infrastructure. Applications can have varying compute requirements amongst layers of the application: some may require faster, immediate processing while others may benefit from delayed processing at a lower cost. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="negotiationstrength">Negotiation Strength</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>One of the most important reasons to consider deploying in multiple cloud providers is to minimize your reliance on a single vendor’s technology for your critical business processes. As you become more vertically integrated with any vendor, your negotiation posture for pricing or favorable contract terms becomes diminished. Having production ready code available on multiple providers allows you to have less technical debt should you need to change. If you go a step further and are already sending traffic to multiple providers, you have minimized the technical debt required to switch and can negotiate from a position of strength.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="businesscontinuityorhighavailability">Business Continuity or High Availability</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>While the major cloud providers are generally reliable, there have been a few notable outages in recent years. The most significant in recent memory being Amazon’s <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/message/41926/">US-EAST S3</a> outage in February. Some organizations may have a policy specifying multiple providers for high availability while others should consider it where necessary and feasible as a best practice. A multi-cloud strategy can lower operational risk from a single vendor’s mistakes causing a significant outage for a mission critical application.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="experimentation">Experimentation</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>One of the exciting things about having competition in the space is the level of innovation and feature velocity of each provider. Every year there are major announcements of new products or features that may have a significant impact on improving your organization's competitive advantage. Having test and production environments in multiple providers gives your engineers the ability to understand and experiment with a new capability in the context of your technology stack and data. You may even try these features for a portion of your traffic and get real world data on any benefits realized.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="cloudflaresrole">Cloudflare’s Role</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Cloudflare is an independent third party in your multi-cloud strategy. Our goal is to minimize the layers of lock-in between you and a provider and lower the effort of change. In particular, one area where we can help right away is to minimize the operational changes necessary at the network, similar to what Kubernetes can do at the storage and compute level. As a benefit of our network, you can also have a centralized point for security and operational control.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><img src="/content/images/2017/11/Cloudflare_Multi_Cloud.png" alt="Cloudflare Multi Cloud" /></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Cloudflare’s Load Balancing can easily be configured to act as your global application traffic aggregator and distribute your traffic amongst origins at as many clouds as you choose to utilize. Active layer 7 health checks continually probe your origins and can automatically move traffic in the case of network or application failure. All consolidated web traffic can be inspected and acted upon by Cloudflare’s best of breed <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/security/">Security</a> services, providing a single control point and visibility across all application traffic, regardless of which cloud the origin may be on. You also have the benefit of Cloudflare’s <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/network/">Global Anycast Network</a>, providing for better speed and higher availability regardless of which clouds your origins are hosted on.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="billforwardusingcloudflaretoimplementmulticloud">Billforward: Using Cloudflare to Implement Multi-Cloud</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Billforward is a San Francisco and London based startup that is focused and mission driven on changing the way people bill and charge their customers, providing a solution to the complexities of Quote-to-Cash. Their platform is built on a number of Rest APIs that other developers call to bill and generate revenue for their own companies. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Billforward is using Cloudflare for its core customer facing application to failover traffic between Google Compute Engine and Amazon Web Services. Acting as a reverse proxy, Cloudflare receives all requests for and decides which of Billforward’s two configured cloud origins to use based upon the availability of that origin in near real-time. This allows Billforward to completely manage the connections to and from two disparate cloud providers using Cloudflare’s UI or API. Billforward is in the process of migrating all of their customer facing domains to a similar setup.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="configuration">Configuration</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Billforward has a single load balanced hostname with two available Pools. They’ve named the two Pools with “gce” and “aws” labels and each Pool has one Origin associated with it. All of the Pools are enabled and the entire LB/hostname is proxied through Cloudflare (as indicated by the orange cloud).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><img src="/content/images/2017/11/Billforward_Config_UI.png" alt="Billforward Configuration UI" /></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Cloudflare probes Billforward’s Origins once every minute from all of Cloudflare’s data centers around the world (a feature available to all Load Balancing Enterprise customers). If Billforward’s GCE Origin goes down, Cloudflare will quickly and automatically failover to the AWS Origin with no actions required from Billforward’s team.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Google Compute Engine was chosen as the primary provider for this application by virtue of cost. Martin Lee, Site Reliability Engineer at Billforward says, “Essentially, GCE is cheaper for our general purpose computing needs but we're more experienced with deployments in AWS. This strategy allows us to switch back and forth at will and avoid being tied in to either platform.” It is likely that Billforward will change the priority as pricing models evolve. <br />
|
||||
<br> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p>“It's a fairly fast moving world and features released by cloud providers can have a meaningful impact on performance and cost on a week by week basis - it helps to stay flexible,” says Martin. “We may also change priority based on features.”</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><br>For orchestration of the compute and storage layers, Billforward uses <a href="https://www.docker.com/">Docker</a> containers managed through <a href="http://www.rancher.com/">Rancher</a>. They use distinct environments between cloud providers but are considering bridging an environment across cloud providers and using VPNs between them, which will enable them to move load between providers even more easily. “Our system is loosely coupled through a message queue,” adds Martin. “Having a container system across clouds means we can really take advantage of this - we can very easily move workloads across clouds without any danger of dropping tasks or ending up in an inconsistent state.”</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="benefits">Benefits</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Billforward manages these connections at Cloudflare’s edge. Through this interface (or via the Cloudflare APIs), they can also manually move traffic from GCE to AWS by just disabling the GCE pool or by rearranging the Pool priority and make AWS the primary. These changes are near instant on the Cloudflare network and require no downtime to Billforward’s customer facing application. This allows them to act on potential advantageous pricing changes between the two cloud providers or move traffic to hit pricing tiers. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>In addition, Billforward is now not “locked-in” to either provider’s network; being able to move traffic and without any downtime means they can make traffic changes independent of Amazon or Google. They can also integrate additional cloud providers any time they deem fit: adding Microsoft Azure, for example, as a third Origin would be as simple as creating a new Pool and adding it to the Load Balancer. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Billforward is a good example of a forward thinking company that is taking advantage of technologies from multiple providers to best serve their business and customers, while not being reliant on a single vendor. For further detail on their setup using Cloudflare, please check their <a href="https://www.billforward.net/blog/being-multi-cloud-with-cloudflare/">blog</a>.</p>
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<h1 class="title">The Supreme Court Wanders into the Patent Troll Fight</h1>
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<time class="meta-date" datetime="2017-11-20">20 Nov 2017</time>
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by <a href="/author/edo-royker/">Edo Royker</a>.
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<p>Next Monday, the US Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in <em>Oil States Energy Services, LLC vs. Greene’s Energy Group, LLC</em>, which is a case to determine whether the Inter Partes Review (IPR) administrative process at the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) used to determine the validity of patents is constitutional. </p>
|
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<p>The constitutionality of the IPR process is one of the biggest legal issues facing innovative technology companies, as the availability of this process has greatly reduced the anticipated costs, and thereby lessened the threat, of patent troll litigation. As we discuss in this blog post, it is ironic that the outcome of a case that is of such great importance to the technology community today may hinge on what courts in Britain were and were not doing more than 200 years ago.</p>
|
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<p><img src="/content/images/2017/11/Thomas_Rowlandson_-_The_Privy_Council_of_a_King_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" alt="" title="" /><small>Thomas Rowlandson [Public domain], via <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AThomas_Rowlandson_-_The_Privy_Council_of_a_King_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></small></p>
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<p>As we have discussed in prior <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/project-jengo-challenges/">blog posts</a>, the stakes are high: if the Supreme Court finds IPR unconstitutional, then the entire system of administrative review by the USPTO — including IPR and ex parte processes — will be shuttered. This would be a mistake, as administrative recourse at the USPTO is one of the few ways to avoid the considerable costs and delays of federal court litigation, which can take years and run into the millions of dollars. Those heavy costs are often leveraged by patent trolls when they threaten litigation in the effort to procure easy and lucrative settlements from their targets. </p>
|
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||||
<h3 id="cloudflareispursuingourfightagainstpatenttrollsallthewaytothestepsofthesupremecourt">Cloudflare is Pursuing Our Fight Against Patent Trolls All the Way to the Steps of the Supreme Court</h3>
|
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<p>Cloudflare joined Dell, Facebook, and a number of other companies, all practicing entities with large patent portfolios, in a <em>brief amici curiae</em> (or ‘friend of the court’ brief) in support of the IPR process, because it has a substantial positive impact on technological innovation in the United States. Amicus briefs allow parties who are interested in the outcome of a case, but are not parties to the immediate dispute before the court, to have input into the court’s deliberations. </p>
|
||||
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||||
<p>As many of you are aware, we were sued by Blackbird Technologies, a notorious patent troll, earlier this year for patent infringement, and initiated <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/project-jengo/">Project Jengo</a> to crowd source prior art searches and invalidate Blackbird’s patents. One of our strategies for quickly and efficiently invalidating Blackbird’s patents is to take advantage of the IPR process at the USPTO, which can be completed in about half the time and at one tenth of the cost of a federal court case, and to initiate ex parte proceedings against Blackbird’s other patents that are overly broad and invalid. </p>
|
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||||
<p>A full copy of the Amicus Brief we joined in the Oil States case is <a href="http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/16-712-bsac-Dell.pdf">available here</a>, and a summary of the argument follows. </p>
|
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<h3 id="oilstatesmakesitscase">Oil States Makes its Case</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Oil States is an oilfield services and drilling equipment manufacturing company. The USPTO invalidated one of its patents related to oil drilling technology in an IPR proceeding while Oil States had a lawsuit pending against one of its competitors claiming infringement of its patent. After it lost the IPR, Oil States lost an appeal in a lower federal court based on the findings of the IPR proceeding. The Supreme Court agreed to hear the case to determine whether once the USPTO issues a patent, an inventor has a constitutionally protected property right that — under <a href="http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/3">Article III</a> of the U.S. Constitution (which outlines the powers of the judicial branch of the government), and the <a href="https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-vii">7th Amendment</a> (which addresses the right to a jury trial in certain types of cases) — cannot be revoked without intervention by the court system. </p>
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<p><img src="/content/images/2017/11/2770193028_68edc662a9_b.jpg" alt="" title="" /><small><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/paul_lowry/2770193028">Image</a> by <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">Paul Lowry</a></small></p>
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<p>As the patent owner, Oil States argues that the IPR process violates the relevant provisions of the constitution by allowing an administrative body, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)--a non-judicial forum, to decide a matter which was historically handled by the judiciary. This argument rests upon the premise that there was a historical analogue to cancellation of patent claims available in the judiciary. Since cancellation of patent claims was historically available in the judiciary, the cancellation of patent claims today must be consistent with that history and done exclusively by courts. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This argument is flawed on multiple counts, which are set forth in the “friend of the court” brief we joined.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="firstflawanadministrativeprocessevenanoriginalistcanlove">First Flaw: An Administrative Process Even an Originalist Can Love</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>As the amicus brief we joined points out, patent revocation did not historically rest within the <em>exclusive</em> province of the common law and chancery courts, the historical equivalents in Britain to the judiciary in the United States. Rather, prior to the Founding of the United States, patent revocation rested entirely with the Crown of England’s Privy Council, a non-judicial body comprising of advisors to the king or queen of England. It wasn’t until later that the Privy Council granted the chancery court (the judiciary branch) concurrent authority to revoke patents. Because a non-judicial body had the authority to revoke patents when the US Constitution was framed, the general principles of separation of powers and the right to trial in the Constitution do not require that patentability challenges be decided solely by courts. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="secondflawthejudicialrolewaslimited">Second Flaw: The Judicial Role was Limited</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Not only did British courts share the power to address patent rights historically, the part shared by the the courts was significantly limited. Historically, the common-law and chancery courts only received a partial delegation of the Privy Council’s authority to invalidate patents. Courts only had the authority to invalidate patents for issues related to things like inequitable conduct (e.g., making false statements in the original patent application). The limited authority delegated to the England Courts did not include the authority to seek claim <em>cancellation</em> based on elements intrinsic to the patent or patent application, like lack of novelty or obviousness as done under an IPR proceeding. Rather, such authority remained with the Privy Council, a non-court authority, which decided questions like whether the invention was really new. Thus, like the PTAB, the Privy Council was a non-judicial body charged with responsibility to assess patent validity based on criteria that included the novelty of the invention.</p>
|
||||
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||||
<p>We think these arguments are compelling and provide very strong reasons why the Supreme Court should resist the request that such matters be resolved exclusively in federal courts. We hope that’s the position they do take because the real world implications are significant. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="dontmesswithagoodthing">Don’t Mess with a Good Thing</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The IPR process is not only consistent with the US Constitution, but it also advances the Patent Clause’s objective of promoting the progress of science and useful arts. That is, the “quid pro quo of the patent system; the public must receive meaningful disclosure in exchange for being excluded from practicing the invention for a limited period of time” by patent rights. (<a href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-federal-circuit/1330083.html">Enzo Biochem, Inc. v. Gen-probe Inc.</a>) Congress created the IPR process in the America Invents Act in 2011 to use administrative review to weed out poor-quality patents that did not satisfy this quid pro quo because they had not actually disclosed very much. Congress sought to provide quick and cost effective administrative procedures for challenging the validity of patent claims that did not disclose novel inventions, or that claimed to disclose substantially more innovation than they actually did, to improve patent quality and restore confidence in the presumption of validity. In other words, Congress created a system to specifically permit the efficient challenge of the zealous assertion of vague and overly broad patents. </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>As a recent study by the Congressional Research Service found, non-practicing entity (i.e., patent troll) patent litigation “activity cost defendants and licensees $29 billion in 2011, a 400 percent increase over $7 billion in 2005” and “the losses are mostly deadweight, with less than 25 percent flowing to innovation and at least that much going towards legal fees.” (<em>see</em> <a href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42668.pdf">Brian T. Yeh, Cong. Research sERV., R42668</a>) The IPR process enables innovative companies to navigate patent troll activity in an efficient manner and devote a greater proportion of their resources to research and development, rather than litigation or cost-of-litigation settlement fees for invalid patents. </p>
|
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||||
<p><img src="/content/images/2017/11/Troll-slip.jpg" alt="" title="" /><small>By EFF-Graphics (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/deed.en">Own work</a>), via <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ATroll-slip.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></small></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Additionally, the IPR process reduces the total number and associated costs of patent disputes in a number of ways.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p>Patent owners, especially patent trolls, are less likely to threaten litigation or file an infringement suit based on patent claims that they know or suspect to be invalid. In fact, patent owners who threaten or file suit merely to seek cost-of-litigation settlements have become far less prevalent because of the availability of the IPR process to reduce the cost of litigation.</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p>Patent owners are less likely to initiate litigation out of concerns that the IPR proceedings may culminate in PTAB’s cancellation of all patent claims asserted in the infringement suit.</p></li>
|
||||
<li><p>Where the PTAB does not cancel all asserted claims, statutory estoppel and the PTAB’s claim construction may serve to narrow the infringement issues to be resolved by the district court.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Our hope is that the US Supreme Court justices take into full consideration the larger community of innovative companies that are helped by the IPR system in battling patent trolls, and do not limit their consideration to the implications on the parties to <em>Oil States</em> (neither of which is a non-practicing entity). As we have explained, not only does the IPR process enable innovative companies to focus their resources on technological innovation, instead of legal fees, but allowing the USPTO to administer IPR and ex parte proceedings is entirely consistent with the US Constitution.</p>
|
||||
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||||
<p>While we await a decision in <em>Oil States</em>, expect to see Cloudflare initiate IPR and ex parte proceedings against Blackbird Technologies patents in the coming months. </p>
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<p>We will make sure to keep you updated. </p>
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|
||||
<div class="credits">All content © 2017 <a href="https://cloudflare.com">Cloudflare</a>. Proudly published with <a href="https://ghost.org">Ghost</a>.</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var links = document.links;
|
||||
|
||||
for (var i = 0, linksLength = links.length; i < linksLength; i++) {
|
||||
if (links[i].hostname != window.location.hostname) {
|
||||
links[i].target = '_blank';
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/prism/1.8.1/prism.min.js"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/jquery.fitvids.js?v=b6cf3f99a6"></script>
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
$(document).ready(function(){ $(".post-content").fitVids(); });
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
||||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||||
|
||||
var disqus_shortname = 'cloudflare';
|
||||
(function () {
|
||||
var s = document.createElement('script'); s.async = true;
|
||||
s.type = 'text/javascript';
|
||||
s.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/count.js';
|
||||
(document.getElementsByTagName('HEAD')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('BODY')[0]).appendChild(s);
|
||||
}());
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
74
h2mux/sample/jquery.fitvids.js
Normal file
74
h2mux/sample/jquery.fitvids.js
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
|
||||
/*global jQuery */
|
||||
/*jshint multistr:true browser:true */
|
||||
/*!
|
||||
* FitVids 1.0.3
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Copyright 2013, Chris Coyier - http://css-tricks.com + Dave Rupert - http://daverupert.com
|
||||
* Credit to Thierry Koblentz - http://www.alistapart.com/articles/creating-intrinsic-ratios-for-video/
|
||||
* Released under the WTFPL license - http://sam.zoy.org/wtfpl/
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Date: Thu Sept 01 18:00:00 2011 -0500
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
(function( $ ){
|
||||
|
||||
"use strict";
|
||||
|
||||
$.fn.fitVids = function( options ) {
|
||||
var settings = {
|
||||
customSelector: null
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
if(!document.getElementById('fit-vids-style')) {
|
||||
|
||||
var div = document.createElement('div'),
|
||||
ref = document.getElementsByTagName('base')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],
|
||||
cssStyles = '­<style>.fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;position:relative;padding:0;}.fluid-width-video-wrapper iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper embed {position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;}</style>';
|
||||
|
||||
div.className = 'fit-vids-style';
|
||||
div.id = 'fit-vids-style';
|
||||
div.style.display = 'none';
|
||||
div.innerHTML = cssStyles;
|
||||
|
||||
ref.parentNode.insertBefore(div,ref);
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if ( options ) {
|
||||
$.extend( settings, options );
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return this.each(function(){
|
||||
var selectors = [
|
||||
"iframe[src*='player.vimeo.com']",
|
||||
"iframe[src*='youtube.com']",
|
||||
"iframe[src*='youtube-nocookie.com']",
|
||||
"iframe[src*='kickstarter.com'][src*='video.html']",
|
||||
"object",
|
||||
"embed"
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
if (settings.customSelector) {
|
||||
selectors.push(settings.customSelector);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
var $allVideos = $(this).find(selectors.join(','));
|
||||
$allVideos = $allVideos.not("object object"); // SwfObj conflict patch
|
||||
|
||||
$allVideos.each(function(){
|
||||
var $this = $(this);
|
||||
if (this.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'embed' && $this.parent('object').length || $this.parent('.fluid-width-video-wrapper').length) { return; }
|
||||
var height = ( this.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'object' || ($this.attr('height') && !isNaN(parseInt($this.attr('height'), 10))) ) ? parseInt($this.attr('height'), 10) : $this.height(),
|
||||
width = !isNaN(parseInt($this.attr('width'), 10)) ? parseInt($this.attr('width'), 10) : $this.width(),
|
||||
aspectRatio = height / width;
|
||||
if(!$this.attr('id')){
|
||||
var videoID = 'fitvid' + Math.floor(Math.random()*999999);
|
||||
$this.attr('id', videoID);
|
||||
}
|
||||
$this.wrap('<div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper"></div>').parent('.fluid-width-video-wrapper').css('padding-top', (aspectRatio * 100)+"%");
|
||||
$this.removeAttr('height').removeAttr('width');
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
};
|
||||
// Works with either jQuery or Zepto
|
||||
})( window.jQuery || window.Zepto );
|
70
h2mux/sample/screen.css
Normal file
70
h2mux/sample/screen.css
Normal file
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
Reference in New Issue
Block a user