diff --git a/data/references/README.md b/data/references/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aac6a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/references/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Reference fingerprints (trusted, collected with this tool)
+
+These are **first-party** references — collected by `llm-fingerprint-detector`
+itself against a provider you trust, using the package's own `one-token/v1`
+battery. Unlike `../reference-fingerprints.sample.json` (Zenodo paper data,
+`bruckner-zenodo-2026` protocol), these are protocol-matched, so a
+`compare()` against them is a direct, non-indicative comparison.
+
+| file | model id | provider | collected | protocol | battery |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `deepseek-v4.1-flash.official.json` | `deepseek-flash` | api.deepseek.com (official) | 2026-10-04 | `one-token/v1` | 8 cells × 25 samples |
+
+## `deepseek-v4.1-flash.official.json`
+
+- **Endpoint:** `https://api.deepseek.com/v1`
+- **Model id requested:** `deepseek-flash` (API-reported name: `DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash`)
+- **Collected:** 2026-10-04, standard preset, `temperature=1`, reasoning disabled
+  via the `openai-effort` adapter
+- **Result:** 200/200 samples valid, 0 errors, `postReasoning: false`
+- **Use it to verify a reseller:** a reseller advertising `deepseek-v4.1-flash`
+  (or `deepseek-flash`) should land in the *match* band against this file.
+
+```bash
+# verify a suspect endpoint against this trusted reference
+llm-fingerprint verify \
+  --base-url https://reseller.example.com/v1 \
+  --model deepseek-v4.1-flash \
+  --reference data/references/deepseek-v4.1-flash.official.json
+```
+
+### The official fingerprint's most discriminative cells
+
+| cell | official DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash | notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| `random-number-1-100:en` | `42` ×19 / 25 | overwhelming 42 bias |
+| `random-number-1-100:zh` | `42` ×14 / 25 | same bias, Chinese |
+| `random-color:en` | `blue` ×25 / 25 | fully deterministic |
+| `coin-flip:en` | `heads` ×25 / 25 | fully deterministic |
+| `random-number-1-10:en` | `7` ×23 / 25 | near-deterministic |
+| `random-letter:en` | `q` ×18 / 25 | q ≫ k ≫ g |
+| `random-color:zh` | `蓝` ×20 / 25 | 蓝 ≫ 紫, 橙 |
+| `random-animal:en` | `elephant` ×11, `cat` ×9 | elephant dominates |
+
+**Caveat:** references drift as providers ship model updates. Re-collect if the
+file is more than ~1–2 months old, or if a verification you trust starts
+returning `uncertain`.
diff --git a/data/references/deepseek-v4.1-flash.official.json b/data/references/deepseek-v4.1-flash.official.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c524e5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/references/deepseek-v4.1-flash.official.json
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+{
+  "formatVersion": 1,
+  "protocol": "one-token/v1",
+  "model": "deepseek-flash",
+  "collectedAt": "2026-10-04T12:59:45.985Z",
+  "samplesPerCell": 25,
+  "postReasoning": false,
+  "cells": {
+    "random-number-1-100:en": {
+      "cellId": "random-number-1-100:en",
+      "counts": {
+        "37": 1,
+        "42": 19,
+        "47": 2,
+        "72": 3
+      },
+      "validCount": 25,
+      "invalidCount": 0,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 1.145235779471061,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0.17237516086420482,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 118.67180000000008,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 1,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    },
+    "random-number-1-100:zh": {
+      "cellId": "random-number-1-100:zh",
+      "counts": {
+        "37": 2,
+        "42": 14,
+        "47": 1,
+        "58": 1,
+        "73": 6
+      },
+      "validCount": 24,
+      "invalidCount": 1,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 1.634431504340598,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0.24600645433236223,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 125.12239999999929,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 1,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    },
+    "random-color:en": {
+      "cellId": "random-color:en",
+      "counts": {
+        "blue": 25
+      },
+      "validCount": 25,
+      "invalidCount": 0,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 0,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 121.21330000000125,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 1,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    },
+    "random-animal:en": {
+      "cellId": "random-animal:en",
+      "counts": {
+        "cat": 9,
+        "elephant": 11,
+        "otter": 2,
+        "octopus": 2,
+        "owl": 1
+      },
+      "validCount": 25,
+      "invalidCount": 0,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 1.8205332770550815,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0.3225690407125254,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 121.40209999999934,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 1.64,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    },
+    "random-number-1-10:en": {
+      "cellId": "random-number-1-10:en",
+      "counts": {
+        "4": 2,
+        "7": 23
+      },
+      "validCount": 25,
+      "invalidCount": 0,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 0.4021791902022728,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0.12106799988273365,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 122.51369999999997,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 1,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    },
+    "random-letter:en": {
+      "cellId": "random-letter:en",
+      "counts": {
+        "q": 18,
+        "k": 5,
+        "g": 1,
+        "j": 1
+      },
+      "validCount": 25,
+      "invalidCount": 0,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 1.1771245697587873,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0.25042860675688255,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 122.89889999999991,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 1,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    },
+    "random-color:zh": {
+      "cellId": "random-color:zh",
+      "counts": {
+        "蓝": 20,
+        "橙": 2,
+        "紫": 3
+      },
+      "validCount": 25,
+      "invalidCount": 0,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 0.916118213778296,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0.18670035451741826,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 118.93230000000005,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 1,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    },
+    "coin-flip:en": {
+      "cellId": "coin-flip:en",
+      "counts": {
+        "heads": 25
+      },
+      "validCount": 25,
+      "invalidCount": 0,
+      "refusalCount": 0,
+      "emptyCount": 0,
+      "errorCount": 0,
+      "totalCount": 25,
+      "entropyBits": 0,
+      "normalizedEntropy": 0,
+      "medianLatencyMs": 121.60199999999986,
+      "meanCompletionTokens": 2,
+      "meanReasoningTokens": null
+    }
+  },
+  "meta": {
+    "tool": "llm-fingerprint-detector"
+  }
+}