# SEO & Metadata Reference — blog.hoelee.com Operational reference for the SEO/GEO decisions baked into this project. Read when adding posts, changing `` markup, or debugging search visibility. --- ## Two-lane strategy (2026) Optimize for **both**: 1. **Classic SEO** — Google blue links (still the majority of name searches). 2. **GEO (Generative Engine Optimization)** — getting cited by Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT Search, Perplexity. They pull from well-structured, question-answering content. --- ## Identity & E-E-A-T (do this first, once) The entire blog strategy is a **name-search play**, so identity must be airtight: - **One name everywhere:** "Lee Teong Hoe" / "Mr Hoelee" — pick one and keep it identical on blog, LinkedIn, GitHub, git.hoelee.com. - **One photo** across all profiles. - **`sameAs` handles** in the `Person`/`ProfilePage` schema → LinkedIn, GitHub, git.hoelee.com. - **`ProfilePage` schema** wrapping every post's author bio — how Google connects my writing to my professional identity. --- ## Per-post checklist - [ ] Unique title ≤ 60 chars (target keyword near front) - [ ] Meta description ≤ 155 chars - [ ] Canonical URL set - [ ] Custom `og:image` (1200×630) — **never** the reused logo - [ ] `og:image:width/height` declared (else WhatsApp/Telegram/LinkedIn reject the preview) - [ ] `twitter:card: summary_large_image` - [ ] Category + tags set - [ ] Author card present - [ ] Internal links to ≥1 pillar post --- ## Structural checklist (site-wide) - [ ] `sitemap.xml` + `robots.txt` + RSS — auto-generated by Astro - [ ] Core Web Vitals 90+ (verify Lighthouse on 390px **and** 1280px) - [ ] Question-shaped H2/H3 (the phrasing a learner actually searches) - [ ] Related-posts module (3 cards) on every post - [ ] No orphaned/thin pages (avoid the hoelee.com ~400-attachment mistake) ### Crawler / sitemap mechanics (as built) - `robots.txt` is a **build-time endpoint** (`src/pages/robots.txt.ts`), not a static file in `public/`. It interpolates `SITE.url` so the `Sitemap:` line can't drift. **Keep it pure ASCII** — the response has no charset, so a non-ASCII byte renders as mojibake (`鈥�`) in viewers that fall back to a legacy codepage. Check: `LC_ALL=C grep -c '[^ -~]' dist/robots.txt` must be `0`. - Policy is **allow-all**, including AI *training* crawlers. Rationale: `robots.txt` is advisory and unenforced (Cloudflare documents it as voluntarily honoured), so a blocklist there buys nothing; enforcement, if ever wanted, belongs in Cloudflare AI Crawl Control. `/pagefind/` is the only exclusion (build artifacts, not content). - **Why a real robots.txt matters at all:** writing one turned Cloudflare's *Content Signals Policy* placeholder from a **replacement** into a **prepend**. On a Free-plan zone with no origin `robots.txt`, Cloudflare serves that placeholder *in place of* your file — a comment block with no `User-agent`, no directives and no `Sitemap:` line. Confirm the origin is serving yours before blaming Astro. - Sitemap `lastmod` + `xhtml:link` hreflang alternates are **derived**, never authored — see the rule in the project skill. `sitemap-index.xml` legitimately contains exactly one entry (`sitemap-0.xml`) and looks empty in a viewer; the URLs are in `sitemap-0.xml` (77 of them at 29 posts). Don't "fix" the index. - hreflang exists in **two places on purpose**: in-page `` (from `BaseLayout`'s `altLocaleUrl`) and sitemap `xhtml:link`. Google treats the sitemap as more authoritative when they disagree, so both must be kept in sync — which is automatic for posts and for any page that passes `altLocaleUrl`. --- ## Syndication policy - Primary home = **this domain** (own the SEO). - **Cross-post to Dev.to / Medium** with a `rel=canonical` pointing back to blog.hoelee.com — reach without platform lock-in. - Never make a third-party platform the primary host. --- ## The "hard job → post" GEO framing When writing, phrase the opening as the exact question someone types into an AI engine or Google: > "How do I set up site-to-site OpenVPN behind CGNAT?" Then answer it directly with clear H2/H3 headings. This is what both Google and the AI engines cite.